This guide shows how to calculate standard deviation in NumPy using np.std(), supporting both population standard deviation (default ddof=0) and sample standard deviation (ddof=1). Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the dispersion or spread of a dataset around its mean (average) value. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation signifies that the data points are spread out over a wider range.