How to Calculate Standard Deviation in NumPy (np.std with ddof, axis, and Population/Sample Examples)

This guide shows how to calculate standard deviation in NumPy using np.std(), supporting both population standard deviation (default ddof=0) and sample standard deviation (ddof=1). Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the dispersion or spread of a dataset around its mean (average) value. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to Continue reading

How to Calculate Multimode in Python Using the statistics Module (Mode vs Multimode Explained)

Mode represents the single most frequent value in a list, while multimode provides a list of all the values that occur with the highest frequency. In statistical analysis, the mode is a measure of central tendency that identifies the most frequently occurring value in a dataset. However, datasets can sometimes exhibit multiple modes, where two Continue reading

How to Calculate Geometric Mean in Python (statistics.geometric_mean, NumPy, and SciPy Examples)

This guide shows how to calculate geometric mean in Python using the statistics module, NumPy logarithmic method, or SciPy’s gmean function for data analysis tasks. The geometric mean is a measure of central tendency that is useful for dealing with data that has a wide range of values and is often used in finance, biology, Continue reading