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How to plot Errorbar using Matplotlib?

Posted on July 4, 2021March 2, 2023 By Luke K

Let’s learn how to plot errorbar using Python library Matplotlib.
matplotlib errorbar min and max errors

Preparation

For start I prepare data and insert common plot.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
y = [1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.2, 1.25]

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

matplotlib common chart

It’s just a common chart. As you can see I have x and y axes populated with values.

Adding errorbar

Let’s add error. My measurements are not accurate so some errors may occur.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
y = [1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.2, 1.25]
error = 0.4

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, fmt='o', ecolor='red')

plt.show()

I have introduced 0.4 of error. This is how much my values may differ.
To plot errorbar I used errorbar method. Also used some arguments:
– x and y are my values as usual
– yerr is my error
– fmt is formatting and I chose ‘o’ to see my marks as o letters (alternatively you may use x)
– ecolor is the color of my error line and I like red for every error

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And this is how my errorbar looks like:

matplotlib errorbar

Who told errors has to be the same? You can put different ones for every value.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
y = [1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.2, 1.25]
error = [0.4, 0.2, 1.1, 0.1, 0.4]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, fmt='o', ecolor='red')

plt.show()

matplotlib errorbar different errors

As you can see the error of 0.3 is very high.

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Also you may introduce different values of errors for lower and upper ones. Let’s add min and max values of errors like that:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
y = [1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.2, 1.25]

min_error = [0.1, 0.15, 0.12, 0.17, 0.11]
max_error = [0.4, 0.36, 0.44, 0.19, 0.41]
error = [min_error, max_error]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, fmt='o', ecolor='red')

plt.show()

I have specified min errors and max errors and defined them under error.

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matplotlib errorbar min and max errors

Adding xerr

What if x values are erroneous as well? Then you need to define xerr as well.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
y = [1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.2, 1.25]
xerror = 0.02

min_error = [0.1, 0.15, 0.12, 0.17, 0.11]
max_error = [0.4, 0.36, 0.44, 0.19, 0.41]
error = [min_error, max_error]

plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, xerr=xerror, fmt='o', ecolor='red')

plt.show()

You may notice that additional error values appeared for x values.

matplotlib errorbar xerror

Now you should know how to insert plot errorbar chart using Python Matplotlib library.

matplotlib Tags:error, errorbar, plot

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